Task 4

SUBJUNCTIVE

Subjunctive is a verb that expresses a wish that does not/did not happen or contrary to the fact. Subjunctive can be divided into Present Subjunctive and Past Subjunctive.

Subjunctive is usually proceeded by if only (seandainya saja), wish (berharap), would rather (lebih suka), as if/as though (sepertinya/seolah-olah).

Example:

• If only you could take me home. 
•   I wish I knew her address.
• Nanda would rather Aryani arrived her.
• That man behaves as if he had own the company.

A.           PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

Wish/as if/if only + S + V2                          =====>      Makna: berlawanan

                                       Were                                         dengan kenyataan

                                       Would/could + V1                     dan present.

  

• Harapan diungkapkan dengan Past Tense (V2) tetapi fakta/kenyataannya diungkapkan dengan Present Tense (V1).

Example:

·         If only I were a doctor.

Kenyataannya: I am not a doctor.

·         I wish that I met Robert.

Kenyataannya: I don’t meet him.

·         I wish that I would not come to his party.

Kenyataannya: I come to his party.

·         I wish it rained.

Kenyataannya: It doesn’t rain.

·         All the boys in the class wish she didn’t love Edo very much.

Kenyataannya: Shanty loves Edo very much.

·         The old lady dresses as if it were winter.

Kenyataannya: It is not winter.

·         They interviewed as if they were polices.

Kenyataannya: They aren’t polices.

·         If only she were my mother.

Kenyataannya: she isn’t my mother

B.            PAST SUBJUNCTIVE

Wish/as if/if only + S + had V3                     =====>  Makna: berlawanan

                                       Had been                                dengan kenyataan

                                       Would/could + have V3          dan past.

•  Harapan diungkapkan dengan Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) tetapi fakta/kenyataannya diungkapkan dengan Past Tense (V2).

Example:

·         He looks tired as if he had worked hard.

Kenyataannya: He did not work hard.

·         Shanty wished that she had not come late again.

Kenyataannya: She came late again.

·         We wish you had come to the party.

Kenyataannya: You did not come to the party.

·         If only they had stayed in a hotel.

Kenyataannya: They did not stay in a hotel.

·         I wish I had not returned the books to the library late.

Kenyataannya: I returned the books to the library late.

·         They ran as quickly as possible as if they had met a ghost.

Kenyataannya: They didn’t meet a ghost.

            The following Verbs are used in the form subjunctive consisting of advice or suggestion. The word “that” must always appear in subjunctive sentences. If it is omitted, most of the verbs are followed by the infinitive or verb-1, for examples: advice, ask, command, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommended, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge. The form:

S + Verb + That + S + Verb-1

Example:

·         The teacher requires that all students study hard.

·         The judge insisted that he be punished severely.

·         The government has propos that the oil price rise.

·         We move that we get the compensation.

The following adjectives are used in the form subjunctive consisting of advice or suggestion. If the word “that” is omitted, most of the adjectives are followed by the infinitive or verb-1, for examples: imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proposed, recommended, suggested, urgent. The form:

It + Be + Adjective + That + S + Verb-1

Example:

·      It is necessary that he get good education.

·      It has been proposed that we start from the beginning.

·      It was urgent that she come early.

·      It has been suggested that he plan a tour.

The following nouns are used in the form subjunctive consisting of advice or suggestion. If the word “that” is omitted, most of the nouns are followed by the infinitive or verb-1, for examples: motion, proposal, recommendation, suggestion. The form:

S + Verb + Noun + That + S + Veb-1

Example:

·      He gives her recommendation that she be invited.

·      There is a motion that the decision be cancelled.

·      She puts forth a proposal that she get a scholarship.