Reported Speech and Causative Verb

            

I.     REPORTED SPEECH

Reported Speech or Indirect Speech is used if we want to retell one’s opinion or someone’s talk to another person.

Reported Speech divided into:

a.       Declarative/ Statement

1.         Direct       : I am very happy.

Indirect    : Ani says that she is very happy.

2.          Direct      : Jason said, “I am working here now”.

Indirect    : Jason said that he was working there then.

3.         Direct       : Lina says, “I write a letter every Sunday”.

Indirect    : Lina says that she writes a letter every Sunday.

4.         Direct       : I bought a new bag yesterday.

Indirect    : Rini said that she had bought a new bag the day before yesterday.

5.         Direct       : I am living in Surakarta.

Indirect    : John said that he was living in Surakarta.

6.         Direct       : I was walking along the street.

Indirect    : Putri said that she had been walking along the street.

7.         Direct       : They said, “We watched football game”.

Indirect    : They said that they had watched football game.

8.         Direct       : Jojo said, “I went to school yesterday”.

Indirect    : Jojo said that he had gone to school the previous day.

9.         Direct       : Nabila said, “I drink a cup of tea after breakfast”.

Indirect    : Nabila said that she drank a cup of tea after breakfast.

10.     Direct       : “I have to return the book two days ago”, Ani told.

Indirect    : Ani told that she had to return the book two days earlier.

b.      Imperative

1.      Direct        : “Come in, please”, John asked.

Indirect     : John asked her to come in.

2.      Direct        : “Don’t go out!”

Indirect     : Mother told me not to go out.

3.      Direct        : The teacher said, “Open the window!”

Indirect     : The teacher asked me to open the window.

4.      Direct        : My father said, “Don’t go to mall tonight!”

Indirect     : My father told me not to go to mall tonight.

5.      Direct        : “Don’t touch my face!” Rani said.

Indirect     : Rani told me not to touch her face.

6.      Direct        : He said to Mary, “Please wait here till I return.”

Indirect     : He requested Mary to wait there till he returned.

7.      Direct        : He shouted, “Let me go.”

Indirect     : He shouted to them to let him go.

8.      Direct        : Alice said, “How clever I am?”

Indirect     : Alice exclaimed that he was very clever.

9.      Direct        : Raja said to John, “Go away.”

Indirect     : Raja ordered John to go away.

10.  Direct        : “Don’t go anywhere!” Dita said.

Indirect     : Dita said to me not to go anywhere.

c.       Yes-no Question

1.      Direct        : John asked, “Do you know my mother?”

Indirect     : John asked if I knew his mother.

2.      Direct        : “Are you busy today?” Susi asked.

Indirect     : Susi asked me whether I was busy that day.

3.      Direct        : My father asked, “Do you attend the meeting?”

Indirect     : My father wanted to know if I attended the meeting.

4.      Direct        : “Was Lina interested in music?”

Indirect     : Rina asked me whether Lina had been interested in music.

5.      Direct        : “Have you finished your assignment” the lecturer asked.

Indirect     : The lecturer asked me if I had finished my assignment.

6.      Direct        : “Did you eat my cake?” asked John.

Indirect     : John asked me if I ate his cake.

7.      Direct        : “Do you want to go out with me?” Doni asked.

Indirect     :  Doni asked her if she wanted to go out with him.

8.      Direct        : “Will I receive the letter tomorrow?” Joni asked.

Indirect     : Jono asked if he would receive the letter the following day.

9.      Direct        : “Can you give my novel to me?” Jeni asked.

Indirect     : Jeni asked me whether he could give her novel to her.

10.  Direct        : “Can you come to my birthday party today?” Risma asked.

Indirect     : Risma asked if he could come to her birthday party that day.

d.       Question Word

1.      Direct        : She asked, “Where does Putri live?”

Indirect     : She wanted to know where Putri lived.

2.      Direct        : “How did you get there” Tina asked.

Indirect     : Tina asked me how I had got there.

3.      Direct        : “Who is the winner?” Sinta asked.

Indirect     : Sinta asked me who the winner was.

4.      Direct        : “What are you doing?” Mr. Tono asked me.

Indirect     : Mr. Tono asked me what I was doing.

5.      Direct        : “Why did you come to my house?” Dina asked.

Indirect     : Dina asked him why he had come to her house.

6.      Direct        : “What are you going to have?” mother asked.

Indirect     : Mother asked John what was going to have.

7.      Direct        : John asked, “Where did you go last weekend?”

Indirect     : John asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.

8.      Direct        : Dina asked, “Why are you learning English?”

Indirect     : Dina asked me why I was learning English.

9.      Direct        : “When did she go to Bali?” Tina asked.

Indirect     : Tina asked me when I had gone to Bali.

10.  Direct        : “How long have you lived here?” Rina asked.

Indirect     : Rina asked me how I had lived there.

II.  CAUSATIVE VERB

Causative Verb is a form that indicates that a subject causes someone or something else to do or be something, or causes a change in state of a non-volitional event.

Causative verb is divided into two, active and passive causative.

a.    The use of “have” (give someone the responsibility to do something)

There are two forms:

·         S + Have/Has/Had + O + Verb-1

·         S + Have/Has/Had + O + Verb-3

Examples:

1.      I have him repair my motorcycle.

2.      My mother has my brother prepare his book.

3.      He had his computer installed.

4.      She has the girl sweep the floor.

5.      Yesterday I had my hair cut.

6.      I had my dress cleaned yesterday.

7.      Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient’s temperature.

8.      She had him listened her cassette.

9.      They have me see new film at cinema.

10.  She had the window opened.

b.      The use of “get” (convince or trick someone into doing something)

·         S + Get/Got + O + To Verb-1

·         S + Get/Got + O + Verb-3

Examples:

1.      The lecturer gets her to open the window.

2.      The boss gets his secretary to finish the report today.

3.      My mother got my brother to lock the door.

4.      I get mechanic to repair my car.

5.      Rina gets the boy to sweep the floor in the classroom.

6.      My aunt got her son to take the medicine in the box.

7.      She gets him to read a book.

8.      My father gets my brother to wash his motorcycle.

9.      She gets him to eat his breakfast.

10.  Dini gets his boy friend to bring rose this night.

c.       The use of “make” (force someone to do something)

·         S + Make + O + V-3

·         S + Make + O1 + Infinitive + O2

Examples:

1.      She made their children do their homework.

2.      My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.

3.      The boss made them work extra hours.

4.      My mother makes me study hard for the examination test.

5.      She makes the window opened for the wind.

6.      The teacher made the students work in groups.

7.      My mother makes me wash my bag.

8.      He makes her sing a beautiful song for him.

9.      The lecturer made the students study hard for the test.

10.  His friend made her fall in love.

d.      The use of “let” (allow someone do something)

Examples:

1.      They let the children play in the yard.

2.      My aunt lets her son go out.

3.      John lets his friend drive his new car.

4.      Nina let me borrow her new novel.

5.      My mother lets me go out with my friend.

6.      His mother lets him study in the library with him.

7.      Tina let me read her diary book.

8.      My aunt lets me cook in her kitchen.

9.      Dina lets him sing a song for her.

10.  John lets her turn off the television.