SUBJUNCTIVE
Subjunctive is
a verb that expresses a wish that does not/did not happen or contrary to the
fact. Subjunctive can be divided into Present Subjunctive and Past Subjunctive.
Subjunctive is
usually proceeded by if only
(seandainya saja), wish (berharap), would rather (lebih suka), as if/as though
(sepertinya/seolah-olah).
Example:
- If only you could take me home.
- I wish I knew her address.
- Nanda would rather Aryani arrived her.
- That man behaves as if he had own the company.
A.
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE
Wish/as if/if only + S + V2 =====> Makna: berlawanan
Were dengan kenyataan
Would/could + V1 dan present.
- Harapan diungkapkan dengan Past Tense (V2) tetapi fakta/kenyataannya diungkapkan dengan Present Tense (V1).
Example:
·
If only I were a doctor.
Kenyataannya: I am not a doctor.
·
I wish that I met Robert.
Kenyataannya: I don’t meet him.
·
I wish that I would not come to his party.
Kenyataannya: I come to his party.
·
I wish it rained.
Kenyataannya: It doesn’t rain.
·
All the boys in the class wish she didn’t love
Edo very much.
Kenyataannya: Shanty loves Edo very much.
·
The old lady dresses as if it were winter.
Kenyataannya: It is not winter.
·
They interviewed as if they were polices.
Kenyataannya: They aren’t polices.
·
If only she were my mother.
Kenyataannya: she isn’t my mother
B.
PAST
SUBJUNCTIVE
Wish/as if/if only + S + had V3 =====> Makna:
berlawanan
Had been dengan kenyataan
Would/could + have V3 dan past.
- Harapan diungkapkan dengan Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) tetapi fakta/kenyataannya diungkapkan dengan Past Tense (V2).
Example:
·
He looks tired as if he had worked hard.
Kenyataannya:
He did not work hard.
·
Shanty wished that she had not come late again.
Kenyataannya:
She came late again.
·
We wish you had come to the party.
Kenyataannya:
You did not come to the party.
·
If only they had stayed in a hotel.
Kenyataannya:
They did not stay in a hotel.
·
I wish I had not returned the books to the
library late.
Kenyataannya:
I returned the books to the library late.
·
They ran as quickly as possible as if they had
met a ghost.
Kenyataannya:
They didn’t meet a ghost.
The
following Verbs are used in the form
subjunctive consisting of advice or suggestion. The word “that” must always
appear in subjunctive sentences. If it is omitted, most of the verbs are
followed by the infinitive or verb-1,
for examples: advice, ask, command, decree, demand, insist, move, order,
prefer, propose, recommended, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge. The form:
S + Verb + That + S + Verb-1
Example:
·
The teacher requires
that all students study hard.
·
The judge insisted
that he be punished severely.
·
The government has propos
that the oil price rise.
·
We move that we get the compensation.
The following adjectives are used in the form
subjunctive consisting of advice or suggestion. If the word “that” is omitted,
most of the adjectives are followed by the
infinitive or verb-1, for examples: imperative, important, necessary,
obligatory, proposed, recommended, suggested, urgent. The form:
It + Be + Adjective + That + S +
Verb-1
Example:
·
It is necessary
that he get good education.
·
It has been proposed
that we start from the beginning.
·
It was urgent that
she come early.
·
It has been suggested
that he plan a tour.
The following nouns are used in the form subjunctive
consisting of advice or suggestion. If the word “that” is omitted, most of the
nouns are followed by the infinitive or
verb-1, for examples: motion, proposal, recommendation, suggestion. The form:
S + Verb + Noun + That + S + Veb-1
Example:
·
He gives her recommendation
that she be invited.
·
There is a motion
that the decision be cancelled.
·
She puts forth a proposal
that she get a scholarship.
